If we want to be able to extend the battery use time effectively, apart from charger to guarantee quality, correct charging techniques is essential, because of poor quality charger charging method or errors will affect the battery time and cycle life, here are the relevant charge skill:

1, battery factory, manufacturers have to activate and precharge, batteries, charging a friends battery in accordance with the adjustment time, standby remains  JVC BN-VF808U Battery Charger  seriously inadequate, assuming the battery is indeed a genuine battery, this case should be extended to adjust for the 3-5 time period and then fully charging and discharging.

2, if the new cell phone batteries are lithium ion, charge commonly known as 3-5 before adjustment, should be filled with more than 14 hours, to ensure full activation of lithium-ion activity. Lithium-ion batteries have no memory effect, but have a strong of Sui dynasty, should be fully activated, can guarantee future use to achieve the best efficiency.

3, some automated intelligent quick charger when indicating when the lights change, only that is full of 90%. Charger will automatically change with the slow charging the battery is full. It is best to use after the battery is fully charged, otherwise it will shorten the time.

4, before the charge, lithium-ion batteries do not need exclusively discharge, improper discharge will damage the battery.

5 power, as slow as possible when charging, fast charge reduction; time should not exceed 24 hours.

6, after three to five full charge and discharge cycles the battery all of its internal chemical substances will be "activated" for best results.

7, please use the original or the good reputation of the brand of charger, lithium battery for lithium-ion batteries to a dedicated charger, and follow the instructions, or it will damage the battery, even dangerous.

8, there are a lot of users do not know is not notice or do not understand, often charging cell phone open, in fact, this could easily hurt mobile life, because during the charging process, fever in cell phone circuit boards, if at this time when there is incoming call, may produce transient return current, mobile phones damage internal parts.

Number 9, determined by repeatedly charging and discharging battery life, so should be avoided as far as possible the battery when charging, it will shorten battery life. Phone shutdown for more than 7 days, you should phone the battery fully discharge, fully charged before use.

10, cell phone batteries have self-discharge, nickel-metal hydride battery remaining capacity every day when not 1% about the discharge, lithium batteries by 0.2~0.3% discharge every day.

11, when charging the battery, as far as possible using a dedicated socket, not outlet for chargers and appliances such as TV total.

12, although our mobile phone network coverage area, but when you turn off your cell phone charge, our phones have been unacceptable and call.Nikon D100 Battery Charger  At this point, we can use the mobile phone is not the transfer function, moved to the side of your phone on a fixed telephone in order to prevent the loss of incoming calls, this phone is not within the network coverage area, or also apply when a weak signal is temporarily unreachable.

13 and under do not expose batteries to heat or cold, like dog days, should not carry a cell phone in the car, through the hot sun insolation; or get in the air conditioning room, where air conditioning direct them. When charging, the battery had a little heat is normal, but can't stand high temperatures it "haunting". In order to avoid this from happening, best is charged at room temperature, and do not overwrite anything on your computer.

14, nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery before charging battery no must be guaranteed, must ensure that the battery is fully charged after recharging.

15 place too, if the mobile phone battery and is not used for a long time, it is best to phone activation process of maintenance departments to the battery for a, or you can use a DC constant voltage, adjusting the voltage to 5-6V, current 500-600mA a reverse connected battery. Note that a touch is released, repeat up to three times, you can, after this, then adjust using the original charger during charging.

16, when charging is not the longer, the better, and does not have protection circuits that it stopped charging after the battery is fully charged, otherwise the battery will effect due to heat or thermal performance.

17 must use a dedicated charger, lithium ion battery, or you may reach a saturation, affecting their performance. After the charging is completed, Panasonic Lumix DMC-ZS7 Battery Charger should avoid placing on the charger for more than 12 hours or more, long-term separation should be the battery and the phone when not.
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AX8515 shunt voltage regulator with 0.6V feedback threshold, the initial accuracy of up to ± 0.5%, tiny SC70 package, use an external NPN transistor and resistive and capacitive components can easily form cheap, small-size low-dropout linear regulators (LDO), as shown in Figure 1. The circuit input voltage range of  Nikon D3000 Battery Charger 1.2V NM, power supply voltage of the output voltage for 1V,MAX8515 2.5V, output current up to 2A. Changing the voltage divider resistors R2, R3 can regulate the output voltage, select external resistance may refer to the following:

In order to ensure the provision of adequate load current, select resistor R1 may refer to the following:

In the VREG output voltage linear regulator, IOMAX to the maximum load current, VBE for transistor Q1 emitter junction of wizards-pass voltage, β is Q1 under maximum load current can provide the minimum current gain.

As shown in the figure 1 circuit feedback loop compensation rather than output loop is separated, MAX8515 internal error amplifier with wide frequency JVC BN-VF808U Battery Charger band (1mF compensation capacitor C2 to provide zero-cross frequency of 800kHz), so can save output LDO circuit capacitance. No output capacitor to reduce the output voltage ripple, accelerated load transient response LDO.

Figure 2 represents a load transient response characteristics of the figure 1 circuit, change of load current in Figure 1.5A (load 75%), transient response time 4ms or less. If the output load current change 25%, maximum deviation of the output voltage is lower than 40mV, 1.0V ± 5% output.

Figure 3 2.5V input, 1.0V-out, load current of 2A, LDO output voltage ripple as shown in Figure 1, you can see from Figure 3: output ripple voltage below 3mV.

It is to be noted that: LDO as shown in Figure 1 does not have a short circuit or overload protection feature, recommend follow-up of this circuit for DC-DC Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ50 Battery Charger converters voltage regulators, DC-DC converter provides short-circuit protection. Small size and low cost of these LDO size and product costs for those who require a more demanding applications very attractive.
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Portable power requires system-level design thinking, developed by battery-powered devices, such as mobile phones, MP3, PDA, PMP, DSC, low power, if the power system design is not reasonable, it will affect the structure of the system as a whole, of the product's characteristics, components selection, software design and power distribution architecture. Similarly, in the design of the system, but also from the perspective of battery energy saving much thought. For Nikon D5000 Battery Charger instance, the processor for portable products, is working with several different States, through a series of different power-saving mode (idle, sleep, deep sleep, and so on) can reduce the capacity of the battery consumption. That is, when the user's system does not need maximum processing power is, the processor will enter a low power mode for low power consumption. With control of low-dropout linear regulators (LDO) is a good choice.

Structure of LDO-Ma low-dropout linear regulators

LDO fundamentals

LDO is a micropower, low dropout linear regulator, it usually has a very low noise and high power supply rejection ratio of own PSRR (Power Supply Rejection Ratio).
LDO low voltage difference linear regulator device of structure as Figure 1, main including started circuit, and constant flow source partial reset unit, and makes can circuit, and adjustment components, and benchmark source, and errors zoom device, and feedback resistance network, protection circuit,, basic work principle is so of: System plus electric, if makes can feet is high electric usually, circuit began started, constant flow source circuit to entire circuit provides partial reset, benchmark source voltage fast established, output as entered constantly rose, dang output is reached provides value Shi, By feedback network are of output feedback voltage also near Yu benchmark voltage value, at this time errors zoom device will output feedback voltage and benchmark voltage Zhijian of errors small signal for Zoom, then by adjustment tube zoom to output, to formed negative feedback, guarantee has output voltage stability in provides value Shang, similarly if entered voltage changes or output current changes, this closed ring circuit will makes output voltage keep does not variable, is:
Vout=（R1+R2）/R2 * Vref

Actual low-dropout linear regulator with load short circuit protection, over-voltage shutoff, overheat shutdown, reverse connection protection, among other features.

Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR)

Power supply LDO output on input Ripple rejection ratio is reaction inhibition of AC parameters, output and input frequency is the same as, larger description value of PSRR LDO ripple more competent, very little effect that is input to output. And the noise (Noise), noise in the frequency range 10Hz nm must in general input voltage of output noise voltage root mean square (RMS), the unit is dB PSRR, the formula is as follows.

PSRR=20 log（△vin/△vout）

Figure 2 for SGM2007 CBP=0.1F, ILOAD=50mA,COUT=1F f=10KHz, output and input voltage curve.

Figure 2 x output and input voltage curve

By the formula PSRR=20 log (VIN/Vout) =60 (dB), the time when the input changes 1V output 1mV. visible Ripple rejection is still very strong.

Shengbang Microelectronics of SGM2007 high performance low voltage difference linear regulator device LDO in 10Hz to 100kHz frequency range within of output noise for 30 v (RMS), in 1 kHz of frequency Xia power suppression than (PSRR) up to 73dB, it to for such as RF (RF) received device and sent device, and pressure control oscillation device (VCO) and audio zoom device, on noise sensitive of simulation circuit of JVC GZ-MG130 Battery Charger power provides low noise, and high power suppression than (PSRR) and fast blink State response, Enabling circuit compatible with TTL-level, suitable for digital circuits operated power. SGM2007 input voltage of between 2.5V NM, for Bluetooth digital camera and personal digital assistant (PDA), and a single lithium battery, such as high-end audio products and wireless or fixed and 3.3V of power supply systems.

Method for improving the PSRR

BP port plus bypass capacitor

To reduce the baseline noise, improve the PSRR LDO, need LDO base increased output of low-pass filters, filters can be integrated in the linear regulator internally or by an external circuit. Built-in filter takes up a larger core size, increase the chip design and production costs, some low-noise LDO chip provides a base pin BP (Bypass), used to connect base bypass capacitor.

Increases the bypass capacitors, to reduce output noise, improve the PSRR LDO. Ceramic capacitor 470 pF typical values are recommended to 0.01 f. Can also be used outside the scope of this capacitor, but will enter the power on the power supply LDO output voltage rise affect the speed of, larger bypass capacitance value, output voltage rise rate slow. When used in this note. Figure 3 to the bypass capacitor for SGM2007 effect PSRR, visible increases the bypass capacitor will increase the value of PSRR to a certain frequency.

Figure 3 the bypass capacitors on the SGM2007 effect of PSRR

Increase the LDO output capacitor

LDO needed increased external input and output capacitors. With low ESR capacitor typically can improve overall power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), noise, and transient performance. Ceramic capacitor is often preferred, because of their low price and failure mode is the circuit breaker, compared with tantalum capacitors are more expensive and its failure mode is shorted. Output capacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR) will affect their stability, have lower ESR ceramic capacitors, when around 10m ω level with ceramic capacitors, X5R, X7R dielectric material is recommended, it is because they have good temperature stability.

Figure 4 output capacitance on the SGM2007 effect of PSRR. Large capacitors generally improve over a given frequency range power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) reduces the load current LDO.

Figure 4 output capacitance on the SGM2007 effect of PSRR

Load current will to a certain extent affect the PSRR LDO. Figure for the load current on SGM2007 effects PSRR, Figure 5 is visible as the load current increases, PSRR will also be reduced to a certain degree. In order to decrease the load current to effect the PSRR LDO, try to select the current LDO.

Figure 5 with load current increases, PSRR will also have a certain degree of decrease

Most of the cellular baseband chipsets require three power: internal digital circuits, analog circuits and peripheral interface circuit. Baseband processor (BB) digital circuit supply voltage of a typical value is 1.8V NM, under normal circumstances, Li+ phone will be turned off when the battery voltage dropped to 3.2V-3.3V, for baseband processor power supply LDO, at least 500 to 600mV of differential pressure, differential pressure requirements are not high. In addition, digital circuits and PSRR LDO output noise requirements in itself is not high, but LDO under light load conditions with very low quiescent current.

Internal analog circuits baseband processor supply voltage typical value is 2.4V NM, pressure difference in 200mV nm. Request LDO has a higher frequency (GSM phones 217Hz) Ripple rejection, elimination of RF power amplifier battery voltage ripple.

RF Circuit is in receiving and sending two parts, supply voltage typical value is 2.6V NM, low-noise amplifier (LNA), mixers, and phase-locked loop (PLL), voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and intermediate frequency (IF) circuits requiring low-noise, high PSRR LDO.

Application in USB circuit

LDO is widely used in areas such as mobile phones, MP3, PDA, PMP, DSC, and other portable devices, when USB power supply for portable device design, are generally used to 3.3 v LDO as shown in Figure 6. Many portable devices when you connect USB interface, judgment is charging for portable devices, or connected USB device for data transfer, General design methods is the LDO Vout by USB D+ to which a 10K pull-up resistor. By another part circuit judge current of State is charging (Charge) also is connection USB device for data transfer (Data). If LDO of Vout pour tank current is large, that is, LDO of output impedance is small, so LDO of Vout on will is forced pull low, so portable device on will judge does not out is charging (Charge) also is connection USB device for data transfer (Data).

Figure 6 3.3 v LDO

Engineers in power a USB portable device select LDO to pay special attention to the effects of electric current on the circuit of LDO Vout tank. Some current is approximately  Panasonic PV-GS35 Battery Charger 10mA LDO Vout tanks, some very small about dozens of uA. Figure 7 for the Holy State of micro-SGM2007 in Vin=5V, En=0V, Vout curve of the applied voltage Vout currents and inflows. By visible current flows to Vout curve is very small, if the applied voltage is 5.5 v, 40uA only into the current.

Figure 7 x Vout applied voltage Vout and inflow current curves

Closing remarks

New audio circuits, such as hands-free phones, game consoles, MP3 and multimedia cellular phone circuit may need to 300mA-500mA current LDO,LDO in the audio range (20Hz NM) low-noise, high PSRR performance should have in order to ensure a good sound quality. When selected for the RF LDO to carefully compare the noise indicator, and power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) that bypass capacitors, output capacitance and load conditions.

For mobile phone, MP3, PDA, PMP, DSC USB interface for portable devices, such as power supply LDO is selected, be sure to select the output impedance, small tank current LDO.
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The analog voltage buffer is a very important basic element in the design of mixed-signal components. They are mainly used for signal monitoring and drive the load. In the first case, the buffer is usually connected to the test circuit and requirements of the internal nodes of the low input capacitance of the circuit, because any increase of the parasitic capacitance on this node may be crucial. However, when the buffer used to drive the load, in order to drive the load as soon as the entire supply voltage range, we hope that has a high conversion rate within a wide range of output signal swing.

The supply voltage of Nikon D5000 Battery Charger integrated circuits has been reduced, mainly in the power and reliability issues. This trend has forced most of the basic analog component parts to re-design, trying to ensure that their overall performance. In these design constraints. Rail to rail operations become mandatory in the low-voltage design, the purpose is to increase the signal to noise ratio.

In this article, I introduced a class AB features rail-to-rail CMOS analog buffer circuit techniques, resulting in a low power consumption and high drive capability.

Previous complementary: Figure 1a gives the P-channel class AB differential pairs, when the differential signal to the input side, it can send a very large current. Differential impedance on node A at very low, and even in the input voltage signal, the approximation close to constant. Therefore, the differential voltage V1-V2, produce a large current change in M2 in M3 also.

Class AB voltage buffer can link two complementary differential unit has been shown in Figure 1c. There is no doubt that there are two limitations of the circuit in Figure 1c. First, the gate-source voltage of M3P and M3N can force the driver transistor M1P and MlN, in the transistor area, reducing the available voltage operating range. This defect can be overcome through the introduction of the voltage level shifter to drive M3P and M3N, which will be explained later. Second, when the output node close to the positive or negative supply rail, the structure of the output voltage swing is limited. Mainly because of the P-channel and N-channel differential pair, respectively, work in the VDD and VSS restricted sake.

Figure 1 Class AB differential input unit; buffer based on two pairs of complementary class AB differential input unit low-power DC transmission characteristics of the differential signal;

a Class AB differential input unit b DC transmission characteristics c low-power buffer

The proposed analog buffer: Figure 2 shows the transistor level to achieve the proposed rail-to-rail MOS analog buffer. This circuit is a single gain stage. The lost person slip by two complementary class AB differential pairs. The important difference with the circuit in Figure 1c, in this case, the output node is not directly driven by the input-driven, but driven by the current mirror M4P-M5P, and M4N-M5N, respectively. Therefore, M2P and M2N common gate is not inverted phase input.

Figure 2 rail to rail class AB buffer

In the central supply voltage, the PMOS and NMOS input pair is valid, and the bias current through the current mirrors M4P - M5P and M4N - M5N mirrored to the output of the circuit. This structure allows the NMOS input on the drive close to the VDD supply voltage output node. The PMOS control the  

Therefore, this buffer can be described in detail as follows: when the input signal Vin, in the central supply voltage, the two inputs is effective on the MIP ~ M2P and MlN,-, the M2N, M4P the-M5P and the M4N - M5N mirror a current equal to IB to the output branch. Moreover, copies of current IB transistor MIPR (M1NR,) and M2PR-M3PR (MlNR-M2NR) copy, additional circuit to the output of the slip at the bottom of the current source current. Therefore, transistors M4P M5P, (M4N and M5N) shutdown, and no contribution to the output current. The input signal is close to VDD, the PMOS input turn-off, and the inverting input slip of copies, etc. shutdown. MIPR - M3PR not output slip additional circuitry to send any current. In this case, M4PR and M5PR conduction absorption is equal to the IB current from the output of the slip road, to maintain the buffer conduction. When the input signal Vin close to VSS, a similar situation will occur.

It should be noted that the voltage level shifter is already included in the input stage, the purpose of the linear region, and beyond the range of input signal to the voltage across the drive M3P and M3N avoid M1P and M1N work. Therefore, rail to rail operation in the circuit output to achieve the same in the input.

Proposed by the dynamic operation of the buffer can be entered in the circuit slip class AB differential pair drive to improve. The event of a positive input signal, transistor M2P closing, M2N absorb large amounts of current, M4N and M5N mirror to the output section. On the contrary, when the input  signal to a negative direction is applied, the transistor M2N deadline the M2P send current through M4P and MSP copy to the output section.Panasonic Lumix DMC-FP5 Battery Charger Raised by the proportion of the input capacitance of the buffer by reducing the size of transistors M2P and M2N. No doubt, must be noted that the transistor width to length ratio decreases will lead to lower their effective ability to drive. In addition, in this circuit, only one high impedance node, its bandwidth can be very large. However, the high output impedance at the output node structure of a single gain stage is very suitable for driving large capacitive loads, it is assumed that the low resistance load can reduce the overall gain of the buffer. Therefore, it is accurate 
Therefore, this buffer can be described in detail as follows: when the input signal Vin, in the central supply voltage, the two inputs is effective on the MIP ~ M2P and MlN,-, the M2N, M4P the-M5P and the M4N - M5N mirror a current equal to IB to the output branch. Moreover, copies of current IB transistor MIPR (M1NR,) and M2PR-M3PR (MlNR-M2NR) copy, additional circuit to the output of the slip at the bottom of the current source current. Therefore, transistors M4P M5P, (M4N and M5N) shutdown, and no contribution to the output current. The input signal is close to VDD, the PMOS input turn-off, and the inverting input slip of copies, etc. shutdown. MIPR - M3PR not output slip additional circuitry to send any current. In this case, M4PR and M5PR conduction absorption is equal to the IB current from the output of the slip road, to maintain the buffer conduction. When the input signal Vin close to VSS, a similar situation will occur.

It should be noted that the voltage level shifter is already included in the input stage, the purpose of the linear region, and beyond the range of input signal to the voltage across the drive M3P and M3N avoid M1P and M1N work. Therefore, rail to rail operation in the circuit output to achieve the same in the input.

Proposed by the dynamic operation of the buffer can be entered in the circuit slip class AB differential pair drive to improve. The event of a positive input signal, transistor M2P closing, M2N absorb large amounts of current, M4N and M5N mirror to the output section. On the contrary, when the input signal to a negative direction is applied, the transistor M2N deadline the M2P send current through M4P and MSP copy to the output section.

Raised by the proportion of the input capacitance of the buffer by reducing the size of transistors M2P and M2N. No doubt, must be noted that the transistor width to length ratio decreases will lead to lower their effective ability to drive. In addition, in this circuit, only one high impedance node, its bandwidth can be very large. However, the high output impedance at the output node structure of a single gain stage is very suitable for driving large capacitive loads, it is assumed that the low resistance load can reduce the overall gain of the buffer. Therefore, it is accurate.

Figure 3 In Figure 2, to simulate the DC transfer characteristic of the buffer

Simulation results: Figure 2 analog voltage buffer in 0.35uCMOS process design. Operating supply voltage is 1.5V, the bias current is 10uA, load capacitance lOpF.

Figure 3 shows the analog buffer offset voltage DC transmission characteristics. As expected, rail to rail characteristics achieved. Figure 4 shows the large signal transient response of the circuit in Figure 2. In particular, the output voltage of the high conversion rate is due to class AB operation in the input stage. However, the ratio of the maximum current and the quiescent bias current through the output transistor has confirmed that the proposed method resulted in low power consumption and high drive capability.

Simulate the DC input voltage is equal to zero, the open-loop gain and unity-gain frequency of about 54dB and 6.1MHz. The gain value is relatively low due to the circuit is a single gain stage. The gain-bandwidth value by increasing the cost of the input differential pair bias current. Therefore, the  increased power consumption. For 2.4VPP 100kHz input sine signal-to 44.6dB's ATHD. When the input resistance did not reduce in proportion to the the the buffers simulation capacitor to reduce the 32fF.JVC BN-VF733U Battery Charger Figure 4 In Figure 2, the analog buffers for 2.4VPP frequency 1MHZ square wave input signal is 10pF load capacitance of the large-signal transient response
a input and output voltage b by the current of the output transistor

Conclusion: The proposed rail-to-rail voltage buffer to reduce the input capacitance. Rail to rail operation, not only in the output of the circuit, the same in the inputs of the circuit. Introduced in the circuit AB characteristics lead to low power consumption and high conversion rate, making it very suitable for driving large capacitive loads. The simulation results of the circuit operation.

Author innovation: to reduce the input capacitance rail-to-rail voltage buffer. Rail to rail operations not only in the circuit output. Also in the inputs of the circuit. Introduced in the circuit AB characteristics lead to low power consumption and high conversion rate, making it very suitable for driving large capacitive loads. The simulation results of the circuit operation.
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"HD" "tapeless" records

---Canon launches MPEG-2 full HD (4:2:2) memory card camcorder for video coding XF305/XF300

Canon (China) Ltd was officially released on April 8, 2010 two of many advanced technologies and high specifications a professional camcorder product XF305/XF300. These two new products is the new professional camera Canon XF line represents products.

Canon memory card camcorder XF305

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XF305/XF300 (hereinafter referred to as XF series) is a professional camera Canon product line innovation models, it has developed from the camera lens, image sensor and image processor, full HD support both MPEG-2 Long GOP coding (MPEG-2422@HL) records standards. Exceeding  sibling models for JVC GR-D347U Battery Charger   a user to provide high-quality images at the same time, and maintains the light and compact "condition" is designed for demanding definition also emphasizes that the mobility of users the ideal portable shooting weapon.

"XF series uses many advanced technologies"

XF series is the Canon together with many advanced technologies and high-specification for the first time built a storage card professional camcorder. In its possession, include color sampling rate, such as 4:2:2, MPEG-2 Long GOP coding format, up to 50Mpbs recording bit-rate, use a CF card medium recording image data based on file, using the advanced industry-standard MXF (Materiale Xchange Format) as the package format, enhanced long focal lengths, and anti-shake anti-shake capability of the wide angle end strength and dynamic anti-shake and many other advanced technologies.


"4:2:2 color sampling rate"

XF series maximum sampling rate of 4:2:2 per color, color sampling rate refers to the color signals into digital signals, luminance and two color difference in what ratio sampling rate. It is the use of the human eye is sensitive to brightness, and color changes slow characteristics, difference signal sampling intervals, so as to achieve the purpose of the compressed data. With leading a professional digital camcorder 4:2:0 color sampling rate than 4:2:2 has better color reproduction of color sampling rates, absorbed profiles will not appear jagged, in digging out like synthesis when shooting to play a greater advantage.

"MPEG-2 Long GOP coding formats"

XF series is used in the MPEG-2 in the plural LongGOP format frames are compressed, this encoding format is widely used in radio and TV production systems. GOP (Group of Pictures) means pictures group, a GOP is a set of consecutive pictures. GOP policies affect the coding quality, MPEG-2 GOP length, the longer the more efficient image compression, at the same bit stream with the premise of encoding format, the higher the image quality of restore has. On the professional camera market, using color sample rates of MPEG-2LongGOP and 4:2:2 shoulder camera prices were very expensive, and Canon introduced it to the competitive prices on portable models, is of epoch-making significance.

"MXF encapsulated format"

XF series adopts a "MXF (Materiale Xchange Format)" package format, which is considered as SMPTE (United States Association of motion picture and television engineers), and file exchange standards format for radio and TV industry. When television stations, and other systems using  Panasonic Lumix DMC-FS37 Battery Charger material that supports MXF format server, XF series filmed footage can be uploaded to the server directly, on the server and can be retrieved by MXF metadata on the image you want, easily edit files downloaded to your computer, thus taking advantage of the digital production.

Canon memory card camcorder XF300

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"Comprehensive updated lens, sensor and processor"

XF series "brother", XF series also uses the HD "l" lenses. But the difference is that it is adopted by a newly developed, with a 29.3mm wide angle, 18 times optical zoom high definition "l" lenses. Lens group Hi-UD (high index ultra low dispersion) lens, and UA (ultra-high refractive index aspherical glass) lenses, can suppress chromatic aberration and the aberration very well. Center horizontal and vertical resolution of the lens is about $ 1000 TV lines around the lens has reached about the resolution of 800 TV lines high resolution from image links have been taken lay a solid foundation for high quality.

XF series on-board sensor image from the XL/XH series of 3CCD system becomes Canon developed the monolithic valid up to about 2.07 million pixels 3CMOS sensor image, this is the inheritance from Canon professional SLR cameras with advanced image sensor, is key to ensuring high quality images link.

Equivalent to human brain of image processor in XF series in the also are has sharply upgrade, from XLH/XH series using of DiGiCDVII upgrade to function more powerful, operations speed faster of DiGiCDVIII high speed image processor, DiGiCDVIII high speed image processor has "facial detection technology", may priority on character facial for recognition and focus, and in all shooting scene in the are has stability of automatically focus and automatically exposure control and more smooth of tones transition.

Camera lens, image sensors and image processors which all three vital parts in the image link developed by Canon themselves, was flawless on the matches, plus MPEG-2LongGOP4:2:2 video coding format, this combination of XF series with superior image quality is also to be expected.

"Enhanced image anti-shake technology"

On the XL/XH series models carry wide range optical anti-shake technology (SuperO.I.S) on the XF series have been strengthened, new powerful anti-shake and anti-shake technology be added dynamically to the XF anti-shake system. Powerful anti-shake (PoweredIS) technique used to reduce the long focal lengths as handheld picture blur caused by jitter; dynamic anti-shake (DynamicIS) technology reduces camera to wide-angle end of picture jitter, especially suitable for occasions taken while walking. Accession of these two types of anti-shake technology, both in shooting close-up picture of the zoom, also was moving shooting with film images, were able to clear of easy access to high quality images.

"Picture quality recording mode"

XF series 3 kinds of picture quality levels (see table below). At the highest quality, color sampling rate to 4:2:2 record 1920x1080/25P full HD image line by line. Compared with the HDV1080i standard for color sampling rate 4:2:0, vertical color resolution improved twice times, and the video recording bit-rate increases 1 time. Needed to reach full television editing and production of professional-quality requirements. To date, while MPEG-2 video-encoding format, 4:2:2 color sampling rate, and 50Mbps bitrate professional cameras are shoulder-type camcorders, and XF series is the industry's first true high standard recorded images of a professional camcorder.

Bit rate (color sampling rate)
Standard @ rating record pixel recording frame rate
50Mbps CBR(4:2:2)
422P@HL 1920 x 1080 50i/25p
1280 x 720 50i/25p
35Mbps VBR (4:2:0)
MP@HL 1920 x 1080 50i/25p
1280 x 720 50i/25p
25Mbps CBR (4:2:0)
MP@H14 1440 x 1080 50i/25p

"High performance storage media"

Most professional cameras use memory card Media uses expensive, dedicated storage card, and the dedicated storage card camera use costs no doubt improved a great deal. Different from other manufacturers, Canon XF series selection with a relatively inexpensive, wide application of CF card as storage medium. CF cards are widely used on the professional SLRs, digital cameras, can meet the needs of fast reading and writing data, brand is numerous, relatively inexpensive, you can better control costs. A 64GB of CF card in the highest picture quality (422P@HL) (please see table) can be recorded about 170 minutes video, picture quality at the secondary level (MP@HL) can record about 240 minutes under image, and at the lowest picture quality (MP@H14) about 340 minutes you can record images below. In order to meet the needs of long records, design of the XF series adopts a dual memory card slots and carry alternate automatically logging capabilities, that body can insert two CF cards simultaneously, when two 64GB CF card is used, the longest continuous recording time can be up to 5 hours. Using automatically alternating records function may in first Zhang CF card capacity exhausted Hou, automatically go to second Zhang CF card continues to records, in second Zhang CF card records of while may will first Zhang CF card removed and connection computer export data, data export Hou then will first Zhang CF card into fuselage, to second Zhang CF card  Nikon MH-23 Battery Charger capacity exhausted Hou can automatically switch to first Zhang CF card continues to records, without interrupted camera. In this way can allow the photography process continues without interruption. When selecting a CF card, it is recommended to select support UDMA specification, CF card write speed above 40MB/S. If you are using you can directly read UDMA CF card of the computer specifications, then saving image data can be imported directly into the computer.

"More professional shooting features and personalized settings"

XF series has a rich and professional shooting settings. First, the XF series such as film cameras for shooting upgrading or downgrading, image creation with greater performance space. XF series in 720P mode for maximum about 5 times times, slow 1080i mode terminated its maximum speed of about 2.5 times times shooting speed. In addition, in 720P mode can also be upgraded with minimum one-second speed shooting. XF series also has a stop-motion filming and stop-motion shooting feature. Stop-motion filming is at a predefined interval, number of frames at regular intervals automatically shoot a shot; single-frame shooting with begin/end button operate between stops and starts from shooting, according to pre-set the number of frames to shoot and, ultimately, to a certain frame rate recording way of shooting. Moreover, XF series also has a recording feature, you can take 3 seconds before pressing the shoot button images, exciting moments will not be missed.

In order to meet the needs of user freedom, XF series also has a variety of personalization. In GAMMA curve, and KNEE inflection points and COLORMAT color matrix, set function in the can in accordance with the own of needs for set, these personalized of set value can save for since defined set, camera internal up to can save 9 Group since defined image set; also can will these set save to outside plug to XF series in the of SD card in the, up to can save 20 Group since defined set, convenient user fast calls.

"Large high resolution LCD screen"

XF series is equipped with one about 1.23 million views from the rate of approximately 100% of large 4-inch high resolution LCD screen. This location is different from XL/XH model of the display, which consists of the original models below the handle was moved to the front near the built-in microphone, this is Canon have heard the views of the world's most professional photography and special design. The display rotates 90 degrees to the left and right direction, but also on the basis of 35 degrees toward the lens, with different shooting angles. When shooting using the LCD, LCD flat panel height and natural sights of high, enables users to tackle taken in the creation of.

"Enhanced operability"

Canon camcorder combined with accumulated development experience and feedback from professional videographers, further improving the operation of the XF series. Close to the shoulder below the rear of the fuselage, it can form a lens, handle, viewfinder and shoulder these 4 support points, achieving half a shoulder operation, shooting more stable. Handle large design of zoom, and suitable for hand grasp the handle shape and so on reflect its good operation. XF series designed around the lens to switch automatic/manual focus and manual focus-focus ring. In manual focus mode, may be achieved through electronic control on the focusing ring rotation angle 90 degree qualification. In order to achieve accurate shooting, XF series also has a display image luminance waveform display and display image hue and color saturation deviation vectors oscillographic display and other functions. 28 custom feature can also be achieved through 13 buttons.

"Rich extensibility"

XF series uses a 16 bit linear PCM digital audio 48KHz recording format and design of double-channel XLR. Each channel is in line, switching between microphone and phantom power microphones. In addition, the XF series is not only equipped with HD-SDI outputs (XF300 does not have a HD-SDI output), professional such as GENLOCK and TIMECODE interfaces, also has a convenient USB interface attached to the computer, as well as terminals for easy connection of large-screen TV HDMIOUT, AV Terminal and the headphone output terminal. Not only that, but is also equipped with a alternative to the external power supply input terminals of the battery.

"Random software"

XF series supports most major nonlinear editing software, and software that is part of the provisional does not support the format provides a dedicated plug-in for easy identification and read the image data, and also with the ability to view the video playback software.

Viewing and managing footage

Simple browser software with random preview footage and metadata and backup features. This skips the import material into non-linear editing software to browse the steps, so as long as the laptop installed on your computer, you can easily view the footage at the scene.

Field editing

XF Series bundle special plug-in can be used and non-linear editing software integration. These plugins are used to import footage files to non-linear editing software. Production time is very limited news coverage or the wedding scene when shooting users after recording footage, before being returned to the Studio, FINAL CUT, can be rough cut at the scene at once, greatly improving efficiency.

Supported camera MXF files of non-linear editing system

Apple Final
Cut Pro Avid Media Composer Adobe Premiere Pro* Grass Valley Edius Pro*
Windows ○ ○** ○
Mac ○ ○**
* Supports MXF file for non-linear editing software
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As scanner production technology of development and price of fell, platform type scanner in Office, and family in the gradually universal, to let readers further understanding scanner how will color figure draft, and photos conversion for digital graphics file into computer, this article to graphic way explained how demolition a Taiwan VIGOR scanner, let we together "entered" scanner internal, awareness scanner of internal parts, and discussion these parts on scanner performance of effect.

First, the principle

Scanner as a whole for the plastic casing, made up of  Nikon Coolpix S6100 Battery Charger top cover, and glass platform base. Glass platform is used to place the artwork by scanning; on plastic cover inside a black (or white) rubber pad, which is pressed when the top cover aside scanned files, the majority of current scanner uses a floating roof to accommodate scanning of different thickness.

Through the scanner's glass platform, see installed on the base of the mechanical transmission, scan head and circuit systems (circuit board). Mechanical transmission function is driven along the longitudinal mobile scanner Scan head; head's function is to convert optical signals to electrical signals; function of the circuit system is processed, transmitted images.

When we scanned artwork placed face down on the glass platforms when you start scanning, led along the scanner scanning head longitudinal movement of mechanical transmission, scanning light source on the head toward the artwork, artwork reflected light (optical signal) to the opto-electrical converter after it has been converted to electrical signals, circuits fed into the computer system after processing.

Photoelectric conversion body placed along the scan head horizontal machine drives, led head along the longitudinal per unit distance moved one scanner, photoelectric conversion body collected scans of JVC BN-VF823 Battery Charger  artwork on a horizontal line on the graph data, when scanning along the longitudinal sweeping originals future head, scanner acquisition and transmission of all graphical information on the original.

Second, remove the scanner

1. Removing glass platform

VIGOR scanner glass each of the four corners of the platform has a round hole, unscrew the screws in the Phillips screwdriver into the round hole, you can remove the top cover up and glass platforms. After opening the scanner, you can see the step motor, transmission belts, scan head and circuit board components.

Some scanners of the two parts is not screw it up and down with a plastic clip, and demolition with a flat small screwdriver into the slot to pry the plastic clips, separation of upper and lower parts, pry the plastic snap action when a light touch, not to damage the plastic parts.

2. Unplug the data and soft cable

VIGOR scanners have internal two circuit boards, a fixed scan head back, another piece after you install the scanner, two circuit boards by data connected soft cable. Remove scan soft musculus rectus Capitis anterior should first remove the data cable. Soft wire card data cable card slots on the circuit board, remove the soft wire first grooves on both sides of the wire card tab to dial out, then you can easily extract to the outside and soft wire.

3. Removing scanning head

Scan head wear in a circular metal bar (rail), led by transmission belt longitudinal movement along the scanner, just round metal rods removed from the block on the base of the plastic card, the scanning head from drive belts, up remove the scan head and round metal rod, then round metal rods from the scan head out.

4. Remove the lamp

Lamp in the scanning head, head for transverse placement, stuck in the head on either side of the plastic on the deck, after its power supply the power plug in the scan header on the side of the circuit board. Simply remove the circuit board lamp power supply plug can be removed from the scan head lamp. The finest lamps only match bat weight, demolition, should be particularly careful when placing.

5. Removal of circuit boards

Unscrew the two screws to remove the head on the circuit board, circuit board in the front you can see the dual in-line package of CCD devices. As the CCD devices required in Panasonic PV-GS300 Battery Charger  scan optical lenses in the optical path, improper installation restore will affect the quality of the scan, it is recommended that users not to remove the head on the circuit board.

Third, the mechanical transmission

Mechanical transmission consists of a stepping motor, transmission gears, transmission belt up. Scan head supported by a circular slider supports, stuck in the drive belt, supported by a drive belt driven along the slider moves.

Note: professional-grade scanners using precision lead screw moving scanning head, vertical scan resolution to have a higher and more stable image.

Mechanical transmission of step precision stepping motor determines the vertical scanning precision scanner (resolution), because the stepper motor is easier to control, a number of different companies taking vertical resolution is twice times the horizontal resolution of production scanners.

Four, scanning head

Scan heads are components of optical signals and convert them into electrical signals. Common CCD scan head using the photoelectric conversion devices (Charge-CoupledDevice) charge-coupled devices and CIS (ContactImageSensor) for contact image sensor.

Using the CCD scan of device by a light source (bar lamp), three bar plane mirror, focusing lens (lens group) and composed of CCD charge-coupled device. Bar lamp and bar plane mirrors placed horizontally on the head. Scanners work issued by the bar lamp parallel light artwork, bars, plane mirrors reflecting and focusing lens (or lens group) into the CCD, CCD converts the light signal proportional to the light intensity of analog signals.

1. Light source

Scanner by reading the reflected or transmitted light to obtain image information, good or bad quality of the light source will seriously affect the final results of the scan. Current scanner product are basically used the low pressure glow discharge tube, low pressure glow discharge tube filament free, long life, the light stability, can be obtained very high quality of the scan.

2. Lens

Function of the lens is light focusing on sensors on a CCD to produce clear images that are not distorted. Lens affect the image quality is extremely high precision is an important optical components. Most popular scanners get image with a single fixed-focus lens, to A4 (210mm) site wide graphics requirements on the information gathered in the CCD camera a wide angle, such as lens quality is not good, scanning the edges of  Samsung TL225 Battery Charger the image will have aberrations and dispersion, leading edge deformation and color distortion.

·To improve image quality, high-end scanner individually with multiple sets of lenses for a range of different graphic sample to reduce aberrations and dispersion, resulting in even sharper image.

·Some high-end scanners with adjustable focus lens to adapt to different area of scanned objects, when smaller areas of the images are scanned in, get higher resolutions by focusing.

3. Photoelectric conversion device CCD

Photoelectric conversion devices CCD integrated has many photosensitive devices chip surface, these photosensitive devices in a section line Shang arranged, dang light by lens convergence Imaging in CCD surface Shang Shi, each photosensitive devices will due to feel to light strong of different and induction out different number of charge, decoding circuit under each photosensitive devices coupled of charge volume formed and incident light strength into proportion of simulation signals (means size continuous changes of signals) output.

CCD photoelectric conversion devices are widely used in camcorders, digital cameras and scanners, cameras and digital cameras is used in Planar array CCD, uptake of graphics, but using linear CCD scanners, receives only a straight line on the image data.

CCD induction only to receive the light intensity, doesn't distinguish the color of the image. Gets the color image there are two common ways, one at the surface of photosensitive elements CCD chip each pixel on the CCD color filter plate color imaging and the second is by using optical system divides incoming light into red, green and blue light, with three-Chip CCD receive respectively.
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Types of digital cameras currently on the market a lot, and their storage of images and photographs are different. Including the more advanced 80mm DVD-R/RW, conventional DV cassettes and various types of memory sticks and memory cards.

Different ways of storing all kinds of JVC BN-VM200U Battery Charger  advantages and disadvantages. Now DVD-R/RW, DV cassettes of the common MMC, SD memory card with the pros and cons make a comparison.

A. DVD-R/RW

80mm DVD-R/RW digital camera is only emerging in recent years, due to the general user of the camera in after using the camera to record the image for a certain amount of post-processing, then burn to VCD or DVD. Using DVD-R/RW as a storage medium for digital cameras, you can reduce the burn in the later work, directly from the DVD disc. But not for post production and modification. But the DVD there is a specific benefit as a storage medium, is indexed by the certain sections. This is DV cassette can never be achieved.

For DVD camcorder users, and is most concerned about its stability and longevity.

80mm DVD-R/RW of large capacity, general video recording images of around 120 minutes. And the picture quality is good, better than DV cassette recording of Panasonic SDR-H80 Battery Charger image effects for many. But the DVD-R cannot be used multiple times. DVD-RW can be reused many times, but after repeatedly flashed repeatedly, its decline in quality at the same time, DVD-RW can actually use the number of times less than DV cassette duplication using. Reason is the use of DVD pickup camera continuously in a precarious state, moving in the fuselage to DVD discs and bald in the DVD burning process will cause some damage. This will undoubtedly raise the cost of using disposables.

80mm DVD-R price on the market is generally about 10 to 20 Yuan, cheaper than a conventional DV cassettes. And as for 80mm's DVD-RW, very few sources on the market today, is probably the product supplies, not widely.

II. DV cassettes

Traditional DV cassettes, as like the previous video, can keep ripping again, but in the video and start again only allowed in to the end of the process of recording, both in videos in the course of any undesirable circumstances arising or whether you want to delete a part of the operation is not allowed. These operations are only allowed in image done in post-production.

DV cassettes cannot index images, when you are looking for a fragment, only able to start again to watch.

While photography and photographic digital camera, DV cassettes can only store image fragment, not storing photos. Moreover, post-production time needs to be done, to use the images recorded in the DV cassette to PC is a very time consuming task.

III. The memory card

Memory card and memory stick Pro Duo Flash memory (Flash Memory) for storage media. Current MS memory card and memory stick (Memory Stick), SD card (Secure Digital), CF card (Compact Flash), SM card (Smart Media), MMC card (Multi Media Card), CUD (Compact u Disk), and xD. Different types of memory card has its own characteristics. Different brands of digital cameras also have their own support using the memory card. For example, Sony digital cameras generally supports its products MS Memory Stick Pro Duo, and other common brands of Nikon Coolpix S550 Battery Charger digital cameras are generally supports MMC card or SD card.

Images from a digital camera to image the file fragments are stored in the memory card. This is convenient index of different fragments, or you can remove undesirable or unnecessary images of fragment file.

Moreover, current memory card is also very strong, 5GB CF card and MMC card 2GB and so on. Use of large capacity memory card, whether it is to store the image fragment or be of high quality photo should not appear "full House". Even if cannot afford such an expensive large-capacity memory cards, 256MB or 128MB of the common memory cards on the market price is quite reasonable (here a "reasonable" because the consumer mentality is--would be cheaper). Only need to prepare one or two memory cards, travel has been easy to deal with. However, use the generic memory card capacity is necessarily limited. If you need higher video quality when the image fragment, memory card capacity is rapidly reduced, common memory cards do not meet such high image quality requirements of users.

As for the post-production of many users concerned, use memory cards storing image fragment, you only need to copy the image file directly in the memory card into the computer can be performed in post production, that is easy and quick.

PostScript

Different storage modes for different types of players. If you are generally a player needs to do post-processing, then uses 80mmDVD-R/RW digital camera is perfect for you, you only need to record what you want to keep record, will be given a piece of DVD discs can be played directly on DVD.

In addition, the DV cassette plus memory card combinations will require many changes, many creative users, can shoot video and photos, meeting the needs of Panasonic DMC-TZ11 Battery Charger different types at different levels.

In short, according to their need to choose a suitable storage method.
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     Microsoft Windows 7 release for more than a year, won the user's extensive approbate, Windows and many cool dazzle very functional to force, but the prerequisite is "genuine" can bring you these experience, but there are many users cannot determine their own use is genuine, to know your Windows 7 whether are stolen from five aspects, can consider.

First, the choose and buy when, should from Windows 7 prestige good PC manufacturers (OEM), system assembly quotient (COEM) and authorized dealers purchased, to ensure that their legal interests.

Second, find Microsoft's original label (i.e. genuine certificate, the batch record and COA), it is to help users identify original Microsoft software labels. Microsoft genuine tags for PC manufacturers (OEM) / system assembly quotient (COEM) preinstalled products and Microsoft retail boxed products (FPP), Microsoft (Nikon EN-EL3E Battery Charger) batch licensed product, such as EA, the Select, Open and genuine of products (GGS/GGWA) does not provide authentic certificate (i.e., Microsoft batch record and COA).

Users in the purchase brand PC or assembled PC, be sure to look chassis on Microsoft genuine tags to ensure they purchased PC authorized software pre-installed the correct box, retail products of the batch record and COA posted in the box outside. In addition, the shape of the batch record and COA because Microsoft product different and vary slightly.

Thirdly, see whether products contain Windows 7 holographic media or restore medium. Microsoft Windows 7 genuine authorized software contain holographic CD, DVD or restore medium. Microsoft holographic media is characteristic of the disc surface image for holographic images, this holographic images disk is part of themselves, rather than stickers. But batch permits and genuine of product usually contains no medium, but can separate order from the distributor.

Fourthly, pay attention to product packaging and documentation is high quality. Professional and excellent product packaging and documentation is genuine authorized Microsoft software is the most obvious feature, the user can check the packaging to ensure its quality. Note that you should not see in packaging outside 25 character of product key, Microsoft products in software package never directly printing product key.

Fifth, check whether has the correct license. To ensure and distributors to confirm and ask if they have Microsoft correct license, Microsoft software sales and use must follow software license terms agreement, the user can see Microsoft software licensing provisions to ensure the software used properly.

Besides five distinguish method, Microsoft has provided outside validation tool to help users online system original verification. Online can prove to you using the current Windows 7 for original software, whether from piracy risk, bud.
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